Pagiarism and Paraphrasing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Pagiarism and Paraphrasing - Essay Example Also, the understudy begins the sentence as the first sentence without the utilization of elective words and significant associating words to make the thought unique. In their accommodation, the understudy could have summarized the sentence as follows: given the way that reviews in the biomedical field request exacting dutifulness to the standards and guidelines and the way that few friends audit concentrates under the field, it is as yet insufficient to give full credit to an academic work without due steadiness (Crossen, 1994). This sentence is unique and much better and along these lines satisfies the satisfactory guidelines of unoriginality in light of the fact that in spite of the fact that it communicates similar thoughts, it utilizes totally extraordinary wording. A second sentence in the entry that has some component of literary theft in it is the last expression that goes, ‘and â€Å"buffing† the outcomes by indicating them in the best light’. Clearly, th e understudy has again lifted the entire expression from the first content yet has just balanced the wording at an insignificant level that despite everything comprises counterfeiting. In an effectively reworded book, the understudy could have expressed that ‘the biomedical researchers should introduce their outcomes as they are and not modify them to suit the worthy scenarios.O’Conner (2003) contended that the specialty of broad composition and perusing should be the diversion of any essayist who wishes to exceed expectations in the field. In fact, most authors will in general put data over some of which may not be satisfactory to certain clients because of their multifaceted nature or the unsatisfactory quality of the data relayed.... o the guidelines and guidelines, and the way that few friends survey concentrates under the field, it is as yet insufficient to give full credit to an insightful work without due determination (Crossen, 1994). This sentence is unique and much better and accordingly satisfies the adequate guidelines of unoriginality on the grounds that despite the fact that it communicates similar thoughts, it utilizes totally extraordinary wording. A second sentence in the section that has some component of literary theft in it is the last expression that goes, ‘and â€Å"buffing† the outcomes by indicating them in the best light’. Obviously, the understudy has again lifted the entire expression from the first content however has just balanced the wording at an insignificant level that despite everything comprises copyright infringement. In an accurately summarized book, the understudy could have expressed that ‘the biomedical researchers should introduce their outcomes as t hey are and not adjust them to suit the satisfactory situations (Crossen, 1994). Once more, this is currently progressively proper and can qualify as a worthy rework. References Top of Form Bottom of Form Crossen, C. (1994). Spoiled: The control of actuality in America. New York: Touchstone, pp. 166-167. Task 2: Paraphrasing O’Conner (2003) contended that the craft of broad composition and perusing should be the side interest of any essayist who wishes to exceed expectations in the field. For sure, most authors will in general put data over some of which may not be acceptable to certain clients because of their intricacy or the unsatisfactory quality of the data transferred. This in any case, the essayist ought to consistently guarantee that their bits of work are basic yet exact as to pass on their thoughts in precise way as well as engaging way particularly to their liked perusers. References O’Conner, P. (2003). Hardship is I: The grammarphobe’s manual for be tter English

A Timeline of Major Events in the American Civil Rights Movement :: American Civil Rights Movement

Social equality Movement: 1890-1900 1890: The territory of Mississippi receives survey duties and proficiency tests to debilitate dark voters. 1895: Booker T. Washington conveys his Atlanta Exposition discourse, which acknowledges isolation of the races. 1896: The Supreme Court administers in Plessy v. Ferguson the different however equivalent treatment of the races is protected. 1900-1910 1900-1915: Over one thousand blacks are lynched in the conditions of the previous Confederacy. 1905: The Niagara Movement is established by W.E.B. du Bois and other dark pioneers to ask more straightforward activity to accomplish dark social liberties. 1910-1920 1910: National Urban League is established to help the states of urban African Americans. 1920-1930 1925: Black patriot pioneer Marcus Garvey is indicted for mail misrepresentation. 1928: For the first run through in the twentieth century an African American is chosen for Congress. 1930-1940 1931: Farrad Muhammad builds up in Detroit what will end up being the Black Muslim Movement. 1933: The NAACP documents - and loses-its firs suit against isolation and separation in instruction. 1938: The Supreme Court arranges the affirmation of a dark candidate to the University of Missouri Law School 1941: A. Philip Randoph compromises a monstrous walk on Washington except if the Roosevelt organization takes measures to guarantee dark work in barrier ventures; Roosevelt consents to build up Fair Employment Practices Committee (FEPC). 1942: The congress of Racial Equality (CORE) is sorted out in Chicago. 1943: Race revolts in Detroit and Harlem cause dark pioneers to request that their adherents be less requesting in affirming their promise to social equality; A. Philip Randolph breaks positions to call for common noncompliance against Jim Crow schools and railways. 1946: The Supreme Court, in Morgan v. The Commonwealth of Virginia, decides that state laws requiring racial isolation on transports disregards the Constitution when applied to interstate travelers. 1947: Jackie Robinson breaks the shading line in significant group baseball. 1947: To Secure These Rights, the report by the President’s Committee on Civil Rights, is discharged; the commission, named by President Harry S. Truman, prescribes government activity to make sure about social equality for all Americans. 1948: President Harry S. Truman gives an official request integrating the furnished administrations. 1950-1960 1950: The NAACP chooses to make its legitimate procedure a full-scale assault on instructive isolation. 1954: First White Citizens Council meeting is held in Mississippi. 1954: School year starts with the coordination of 150 in the past isolated school locale in eight states; numerous other school regions stay isolated.

How to Recover From an AMAZING Book

How to Recover From an AMAZING Book I FINALLY read Ready Player One by Ernest Cline a few weeks ago. Blew my mind sky high. I mean, like there was much room to go wrong with a book thats basically Charlie and the Chocolate Factory meets The Matrix. Its Harry Potter and Hunger Games fun. If you havent gotten on it, what are you waiting for, go on and git! I finished the audiobook in a few days. And then I had no idea what to do with my reading self. Its easy to move on from a good book. And its REALLY easy to move on from a terrible one. But how do you get past a great book? A story that used your brain chemicals as its own personal chemistry set! A book that played cats cradle with the strands of your DNA! Its like breaking up with someone youre still in love with. Its like having to move the minute you got all your stuff settled into your new house. Its like being starving and only getting to take two bites out of your lunch. How do you get over that? I was going to come up with a list for this piece, of ways to recover. I brainstormed reading a bunch of essays and poetry and short pieces before your next book, watching a slew of documentaries on Netflix to palate-cleanse, reading, if possible, the backlist of the author who blew your mind clear to the stratosphere. (Curses, Cline, for not having your follow-up Armada written and published, I want that sucker in my hands yesterday.) I think all these things could work. I do. But then I posed the question to our Book Riot team and got an answer that to me feels like THE answer. Rebecca Schinsky said, Only thing that works for me is to switch genres completely. Mindblowing novel? Time for a food memoir. Jodi Chromey agreed, I call that nextbookaphobia and Im with Rebecca you have to read something so totally different it cant suffer in comparison. Peter Damien made it a consensus, saying I do the same thing. Got to shift gears wildly. Ill go from an amazing fiction book to a biography, or to a comic. Frequently Ill go reread a book after the mindblowing. So thats exactly what I did. I genre-switched big time. I read Martin Dressler: The Tale of An American Dreamer  by Stephen Milhauser, Pulitzer Prize-winning historical fiction. Then I read George Saunders new collection of short stories The Tenth of December, warped views of America that remind one why Saunders won his Genius Grant (hint: Its because hes the raddest). Now Im reading Sheila Hetis How Should a Person Be?,  delicious navel-gazing New Adult literary fiction. All books came with the highest recommendations. There would be no fing around with these reads. This wasnt the time to read something that was good for me or something I should have read in high school. This was the time to try to find a book I would love to pieces. I cant say I LOVED these subsequent books to pieces. But I liked them a lot to pieces. And liking a book a lot to pieces can be enough. It wasnt one book that pulled me out of my Ready Player One stupor. It was ALL of them. My revised theory, building off of Rebecca and Jodi and Peters thoughts is that you need a combo of really good books after one great one. If you get, like, NUTS lucky, youll love one of those books almost as much as you loved that mind-blowing book that ruined reading for you forever. We readers know those books are few and far between. No, what you need is the aggregate of some really good books. There are few great books. There are more really good books. Its critical to ease back into really good after having your life changed by great. Its crucial to remember that really good is usually enough. Have you recently had to recover from a mind-blowing book? Whats your reading hangover cure? Sign up to Unusual Suspects to receive news and recommendations for mystery/thriller readers. Thank you for signing up! Keep an eye on your inbox.

Organ Donation A Necessary Part Of The Healthcare Field...

Organ donation saves lives, and is a necessary part of the healthcare field. However, organ donation is failing to save as many lives as it could because of the low participation rates among the general population. There are numerous types of organ donation, and various organs that can be donated. Several issues need to be resolved and some systems need to be reformed to help increase the level of organ donation to meet demand. Several improvements such as creating an opt-out registration system, removing financial hardship obstacles for donors, and educating the public about organ donation could help remove some impediments from becoming a donor, and more lives will be saved. Organ donation has been a part of healthcare since the first organ transplant was conducted in 1954 in Boston. (Capron, 2014, p. 26) From the outset, organ donation has been a sensitive subject within the medical community as doctors see it as doing ‘harm’, a medically unnecessary medical procedure on the donor, which conflicts with the Hippocratic Oath. Organ donation became a more palatable option for doctors as the science behind organ donation progressed and the first organ donation from a deceased donor was performed in the 1960’s. As science has improved behind organ donation and transplantation, what began between family members in the first cases of transplantation has expanded to now be conducted between unrelated people. There are two types of organ donation: living and deceasedShow MoreRelatedOrgan Donation Should Be Mandatory1630 Words   |  7 Pagessubject of organ donation becomes increasingly important. For years, the topic has been the source of many controversial debates regarding its ethical and moral ideations. Organ donation should remain voluntary for several reasons: first and foremost it is still considered a donation. Next, patients and their families should have the right to say no to medical procedures. And, lastly, bodily autonomy should be respected by healthcare professionals. Many argue, however, that organ donation should beRead MoreThe Ethical And Legal Issues Of Healthcare1680 Words   |  7 PagesFiguring out how to allocate limited quantities of medications and donor organs is among the largest ethical and legal issues in healthcare. There is a concern as to whether or not there will be enough medications to go around in the future and how will these limited quantities be distributed. When shortages happen it is usually because economic incentive for a manufacturer is down. Money is king and if there is no profit to be made in manufacturing these medications then manufactures will notRead MoreMuslims A Follower Of The Religion Of Islam Essay1707 Words   |  7 Pagessuch we in the medical field need to understand and respect the attire as a part of who they are and their beliefs. We are required as medical providers to be able to accomplish our medical tasks without making our patients feel uncomfortable in the process. We must always take the time to explain to our patients what needs to be done and allow them to address with us the correct ways of accomplishing that so we stay within the cultural differences and beliefs in the medical field. Muslims beliefs relatedRead MoreOrgan Selling And An Elderly Man Sits Patiently1531 Words   |  7 PagesOrgan Selling Peering into the window of Da Vita dialysis, an elderly man sits patiently. His patience is not from the fact that he has no place to go afterwards; his schedule was clear. His patience came from the fact that he can bare the wait in the room, because he knows down the hall the nurse will be re-puncturing his forearm to administer the hemodialysis. It was his third time coming in this week, which meant he wouldn t be back until next week. Of course, when he looks at the bruising onRead MoreHealthcare Business: The Legality of Introducing a New Structure for Organ Donation2843 Words   |  11 Pagesï » ¿Title of paper: Healthcare Business Legality Introducing a new structure for organ donation Students name: Course name and number: Instructors name: Date submitted: January 23rd, 2012 Introduction The legal and ethical business practices that are maintained to be the standardized rules in primary industries are also critical for the successful, legal and ethical execution in the healthcare industry so that the patients can choose the right healthcare provider and structure. To furtherRead MoreAllocation Of Scarce Resources : Donor Organs2243 Words   |  9 PagesResources: Donor Organs Deborah Russell Drexel University Abstract The allocation of scarce resources is an ongoing issue in healthcare today. The scarcity of many specific interventions include beds in the intensive care unit, donor organs, and vaccines during a pandemic influenza are widely acknowledged as an extensive issue in healthcare ethics. The allocation of scarce resources is the determination of how to equally and fairly use scarce medical resources available in a healthcare environmentRead MoreEffects on Organ Donation2404 Words   |  10 PagesEFFECTS OF ORGAN DONATION FACTS ABOUT ORGAN DONATION * Like any surgery, after the donation procedure, the wound is closed and no visible mark is present as a tell-tale sign of the surgery. * The organs are removed only after the patient is declared brain dead and within 12 to 24 hours, the organs are removed for transplantation. * The success rate of organ transplantation on an average is between 75% to 85%. * Kidney, lungs, heart, skin, pancreas, liver, bones, eyes and intestinesRead MoreUse Of Bio Printers As A Replacement For Current Organ Donation Treatments1442 Words   |  6 Pagescurrent organ donation treatments was investigated. The current organ situation in Australia was explored to assess whether the implementation of bio-printing was suitable. It was discovered that more than 1,500 people are on the Australian organ transplant waiting list, and was thus concluded that bio-printing technology could assist in reducing stress on the waiting lists. Further, this investigation involved researching various bio-printing methods used by renowned scientists in the field, suchRead MoreAnnotated Bibliography of Articles on Health Communication2795 Words   |  11 PagesHealth Communication Annotated Bibliography Brezina, Corona. (2010). Organ Donation: Risks, Rewards, and Research. Rosen Pub: New York, NY. An important role of the healthcare professional will have to do with the acceptance and request for organ donations. When a patient passes away, their loved ones will be asked if the organs of the deceased can be harvested. The healthcare professional must be able to make this request with enough tact that the bereaved will not be offended. The HippocraticRead MoreOrgan And Organ Of Organ Transplantation2652 Words   |  11 Pagescentury, organ transplantation provides a way of giving the gift of life to patients with terminal failure of vital organs. Organ transplantation requires the participation of both fellow human beings and of society by donating organs from deceased or living individuals. The ever increasing rate of organ failure and the inadequate supply of organs have created a significant gap between organ supply and organ demand. This gap has resulted in extremely lengthy waiting times to receive an organ as well

Evolution Of Knowledge And Natural Selection - 1586 Words

Since we were born we are continuing to evolve, to adapt to become more efficient and improve our relationship skills. Darwin in 1859 finished his book where the term Darwinism was first introduced, in his book he talked about the natural selection, genetics and molecular biology. His theory where relatively simplistic but they set a huge milestone for biology and evolutionary sciences. The main idea that natural selection is that the simple structure of life transform to more complex ones with new characteristic, but we a good amount of heritage from the past generation. But how good does this metaphor describe the evolution of knowledge? Firstly, we have to state the fundament difference between knowledge and natural selection. Knowledge is dependent from human control; it need an intention to be change. We need to have the right motivation and passion to evolve, we have full control over it. Whilst natural selection happens almost at random and the change and therefore the evoluti on in natural selection, are often not influenced by the choices of men. The process of natural selection, and the succession of the mutation are very slow, and occurs over hundreds of years. Intellectual evolution, instead is much quicker. When ideas are evolving, they are transformed from existing knowledge and prejudices of the community, through the invention and the discoveries of individuals thanks to technological advances as well as the basis of already existing knowledge; ideas becomeShow MoreRelatedTheory Of Evolution By Natural Selection896 Words   |  4 PagesSummary Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection. According to history, Charles Darwin is the first scientist to frame the theory of evolution by natural selection. It was publish in his book title On the Origin of Species 1859†. Darwin express the theory of evolution by natural selection as a process by which species change over a period of time. This change take place because of the changes in genetic and behavioral traits. The ability of the organisms to change over time or adjust to fit environmentalRead MoreNaturalism And Evolution1098 Words   |  5 PagesPopularizing the claim that naturalism and evolution are mutual self-defeaters, Alvin Plantinga argues, in Evolutionary Argument Against Naturalism (1993), that given unguided evolution, our beliefs have no intrinsic relation to the truth. Drawing on previous arguments made by C.C Lewis and Arthur Balfour, Plantinga claims that if humans are the product of undirected processes, then we cannot reasonably rely on our cognitive faculties. In fact, it’s just â€Å"as likely, †¦ that we live in a sort of dreamRead MoreEvolution Can Be Scary, Important And Intimidating1618 Words   |  7 PagesConverse over Evolution BIO 4984-001, Dr. Liu Jacob Garver The topic of evolution can be scary, important and intimidating. This was definitely the case for me, as I interviewed my grandmother. When discussing who I intended on interviewing, I immediately thought of my grandma. I wanted to hear her thoughts on the subject as well as her misconceptions. By having a great pre-existing and open relationship, I knew I could count on her for an unbiased and â€Å"real† conversation. My 65 year old grandmaRead MoreThe Theory Of Natural Selection963 Words   |  4 Pages Life is evolution. Humans continuously try to keep up with the latest trends in an attempt to remain relevant in society. In the past ten years, humans have evolved immensely with the introduction, development, and integration of technology into their culture. Virtually everything can be found on the internet. Pictures and documents are being shared through cloud storage rather than being shared directly with a physical document, and doing homework online is now the norm. People have adapted toRead MoreThe Theory Of Science And Technology1454 Words   |  6 Pagesgeologist and naturalist, best known for his significant addition to the science of evolution. He had a theory that all species have inherited traits over time from common ancestors, and in a partnership with Alfred Russel Wallace introduced his scientific theory that this pattern of evolution resulted from an action that he called natural selection, in which the struggle for existence has a similar effect to the natural selection involved in selective breeding. Charles Darwin is important in the developmentRead MoreDr. Charles. Darwin s Theory Of Evolution1714 Words   |  7 Pageshis contributions to the theory of evolution. He stated that all species have descended over time from common ancestors. With his joint publication with Alfred Russell Wallace he introduced the process called natural selection. Darwin published his theory of evolution in 1859 with a book, On the Origin of Specie s; many people rejected his idea of natural selection and his theory of evolution. By the 1870’s the scientific community and the public now viewed evolution as a fact. Darwin’s theories andRead MoreEvolution vs. Creation Science1650 Words   |  7 Pagesdenying this truth, the world will not be able to develop. Evolution is verifiable in comparison to creation science because of the theories, evidence, and the increasing acceptance in today’s society. In order to discuss the irrefutable nature of evolution, one must be able to fully grasp the history of this groundbreaking knowledge. Evolution is often described as a change that has occurred over an extended period of time. The world evolution conjures several theories, â€Å"scientists generally describeRead MoreThe Scientific Theory Of Science And Technology1449 Words   |  6 Pagesgeologist and naturalist, best known for his significant addition to the science of evolution. He had a theory that all species have inherited traits over time from common ancestors, and in a partnership with Alfred Russel Wallace introduced his scientific theory that this pattern of evolution resulted from an action that he called natural selection, in which the struggle for existence has a similar effect to the natural selection involved in selective breeding. Charles Darwin is important in the developmentRead MoreThe Controversial Theory Of Evolution1312 Words   |  6 PagesThe controversial theory of evolution has been prevalent in the minds of scientists, religious leaders, and those who follow since Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace first made the ideas officially known in 1858. The theory they proposed was that the universe and all organisms within it is constantly changing and adapting to the world around them since the beginning of time. Since Darwin’s and Wallace’s theories were shared, there has been constant disagreement and debate between the scienceRead MoreEvolution Of Life On Earth1667 Words   |  7 Pagesformation 4.6 billion years ago. Life on earth began 3.5 billion years ago, evidence supporting this statement is that the earliest fossils were found from up to 3.5 billion years ago. The following steps are believed to be the major stages in the evolution of life on Earth: 1. The formation of organic molecules Complex organic molecules formed in water on the early Earth. 2. The formation of membranes A membrane developed to isolate and protect the system of large complex organic molecules which evolved

History of Theatre Free Essays

History of Theatre Early in the 1700’s British people that were involved with theatre were mostly middle class. There were 2 kinds of new dramatic theatre: sentimental comedy and domestic tragedy. The fist playhouse was in the American colonies was built in Williamsburg, Virginia. We will write a custom essay sample on History of Theatre or any similar topic only for you Order Now In 1741 the greatest British actor was born and his name was David Garrick. Aeschylus wrote the first major playwright and multiple contests. â€Å"The Orestria† was the last remaining tragic trilogy. Sophocles pioneered painted scenery and added the third choral leader, wrote â€Å"Antigone. Euripides went against popular belief and pioneered female protagonist. Aristophanes was the first comedian and made fun of current leaders, rated â€Å"M† for mature. Gotthold Ephraim Lessing was the head German dramatist during the Enlightenment, as well as a critic, a philosopher, and an aesthetician. His works advocated liberal thinking and religious tolerance. He wrote the first German plays of â€Å"Note and Sought† to make German drama as an entity seperate from French and classical influences. Johann Wolfgang von Goethe is permanently associated with the German romantic movement and is the major literary figure in German history. A true Renaissance man, he was a novelist, playwright, translator, natural philosopher, poet, musician, composer, scientist, and finally a historian. His Faust is a â€Å"closet drama†, a work in dramatic form to be read not performed. In the late 1700’s, German theatre changed dramatically by the Romantic movement known as â€Å"Sturm und Drang† (storm and stress). In 1773, British playwright Oliver Goldsmith attacked the popular sentimental comedy and proposed a more humorous and realistic â€Å"laughing comedy. † In his fast paced comedy She Stoops to Conquer, Goldsmith had achieved his goal. Rich Brinsley Sheridan got into sentimental comedy in the 1770’s with his plays The Rivals and The School for Scandal. The American Revolution had a crippling effect on all forms of theatre. Congress passed a resolution discouraging theatrical â€Å"entertainments†, and after the U. S. eclared independence, the individual states passed laws forbidding all stage performances. Most of the anti-theatre laws remained in effect until the early 1780’s. construction of the Paris Opera House began in 1861 and was completed in 1875. The idea for a protected performance area arose after a royal procession escorting Napoleon the third and his wife to the opera was bombed by a group of revels and scores were killed. Napoleon wanted an ope ra house where royalty could enter less publicly, and created a contest calling for new designs. The architect Charles Garnier won. The Paris Opera House has 17 stories, covers three acres of land, and seats 2000 people. Gaston Leroux’s novel The Phantom of the Opera took place here and Andrew Lloyd Webber’s musical based on this too. The â€Å"Father of modern drama,† was a Norwegian playwright who’s name is Henrik Ibsen. James A. Herne began his theatre career as a very good actor. Later he became a stage manager at Baldwin’s Academy of Music in California, a job that brought him many more roles. In 1878, he married the actress Katherine Corcoran, a member of the Baldwin acting company, and began a career as a playwright to write leading parts for him and his wife. Naturalism was a theatrical school of thought developed in the late 1800’s and early 1900’s. it introduced sets that looked as real as possible, characters who spoke in a natural way, and story lines that were plausible. The primary spokesperson for early naturalism was French novelist Emile Zola(1840 – 1902). How to cite History of Theatre, Papers

United Arab Emirates Economy

Based on the socio-economic indicators such as HDI, GDP growth and GDP per capita, we notice that the United Arab Emirates is a highly developed economy that has grown quite rapidly over recent years. Since 2004 when the GDP of the UAE grew by 11.9 percent, it has continued to grow at high rates over the years. In 2010, however, the growth rate fell and hit an all-time low of -1.6 percent. This was attributed to the crisis in Dubai, which ended up affecting the rest of the Emirates (Anderson, Anderson, Cool, 2010). Advertising We will write a custom report sample on United Arab Emirates Economy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This was after the property prices plummeted after the government construction company, Dubai World, sought to delay debt payments. The GDP, however, seemed to bounce back when they registered a 1.4 percent growth rate in the first half of 2011. The earlier growth was credited to the diversification of the economy where there was reduced reliance on natural resources as the manufacturing, construction and the services sector grew. The GDP per capita on the other hand, has also been rising rapidly as the wealth of the UAE increases. It is, however, not the leading country in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA), as far as its GDP is concerned. Among the MENA countries, it is third behind Qatar, which is first and Kuwait, which is second. This has been a direct result of diversification which has made both local and foreign labor to be on demand, which means high incomes for workers (Gonzalez, 2008). It has one of the highest Human Development Indexes (HDI) in the world, which was calculated to be 0.846 in 2011. It is argued that the UAE has the highest average income per person in the world since it recorded over US$ 1 trillion in foreign investments in its assets. The city of Abu Dhabi has been rated as the world’s richest city by CNN with a GDP, measured by purchasing power parity, of US$ 400.4 billion (Elsheshtawy, 2011). This makes the UAE one of the best places to invest. This has been promoted by adoption of foreign investment policies that have made it one of the best places to trade, with the Dubai International Financial Center offering 55.5 percent ownership to foreign investors. There was also the review of investment tax laws which were borrowed from some of the world’s greatest financial centers, and this has led to companies basing their international operations in Dubai. The huge foreign investments have led to a construction boom with huge real estate projects being commissioned (Gorgenlà ¤nder, 2011). With the growth in the economy the government has had to invest heavily in infrastructure especially in the transport and energy sectors. With the diversification of the economy there was the formation of the Abu Dhabi investment company, which is one of the UAE’s greatest sources of foreign exchange. Advertising Looki ng for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It manages over US$ 360 billion in overseas investments as well as over US$ 900 billion in assets. It was, however, estimated that the UAE held over US$ 128.6 billion in external debts and it has been the mandate of the government to ensure that this doesn’t grow any further. Though this is not a high number when compared to other world economies, it is still significant considering that the UAE economy is still young and growing. With the commissioning of massive real estate projects as well as huge investments in the services industry, the economy of the UAE is destined to grow even further in coming years. This will further be boosted by the increased confidence by foreign investors in the UAE as an investment destination which over time has led to increased incomes. References Anderson, W, Anderson, L, Cool, I. (2010). An atlas of Middle Eastern affa irs. New York: Taylor Francis. Elsheshtawy, Y. (2011). The evolving Arab city: tradition, modernity and urban development. New York: Routledge. Gonzalez, G. (2008). Facing human capital challenges of the 21st century: education and labor market initiatives in Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, and the United Arab Emirates. New York: Rand Corporation. Gorgenlà ¤nder, V. (2011). A Strategic Analysis of the Construction Industry in the United Arab Emirates: Opportunities and Threats in the Construction Business. New York: Verlag. This report on United Arab Emirates Economy was written and submitted by user Vaughn Stone to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Megaraptor - Facts and Figures

Megaraptor - Facts and Figures Name: Megaraptor (Greek for giant thief); pronounced MEG-ah-rap-tore Habitat: Plains and woodlands of South America Historical Period: Late Cretaceous (90-85 million years ago) Size and Weight: About 25 feet long and 1-2 tons Diet: Meat Distinguishing Characteristics: Large size; bipedal posture; long, single claws on front hands About Megaraptor Like another impressively named beast, Gigantoraptor, Megaraptor has been a bit oversold, in that this large, carnivorous dinosaur wasnt technically a true raptor. When the scattered fossils of Megaraptor were discovered in Argentina in the late 1990s, paleontologists were impressed by a single, foot-long claw, which they assumed was located on this dinosaurs hind feethence its classification as a raptor (and one that would have been even bigger than the biggest raptor yet identified, Utahraptor). On closer analysis, though, it turned out that Megaraptor was actually a large theropod closely related to Allosaurus and Neovenator, and that those single, oversized claws were located on its hands rather than its feet. Sealing the deal, Megaraptor has proved to be similar in appearance to another large theropod from Australia, Australovenator, a hint that Australia may have been connected to South America later into the Cretaceous period than was previously thought. Its place in the dinosaur bestiary aside, what was Megaraptor actually like? Well, it wouldnt be surprising if this South American dinosaur was covered with feathers (at least during some stage of its life cycle), and it almost certainly subsisted on the small, skittery ornithopods of its late Cretaceous ecosystem, or perhaps even on newborn titanosaurs. Megaraptor may also have encountered, or even preyed on, one of the few true raptors of South America, the appropriately named Austroraptor (which only weighed about 500 pounds, or a quarter of Megaraptors size).

History of 1924 Olympic Games in Paris

History of 1924 Olympic Games in Paris As an honor to the retiring IOC founder and president Pierre de Coubertin (and at his request) the 1924 Olympic Games were held in Paris. The 1924 Olympics, also known as the VIII Olympiad, were held from May 4 to July 27, 1924. These Olympics saw the introduction of the first Olympic Village and the first Closing Ceremony. Official Who Opened the Games: President Gaston DoumerguePerson Who Lit the Olympic Flame (This was not a tradition until the  1928 Olympic Games)Number of Athletes:  3,089 (2,954 men and 135 women)Number of Countries: 44Number of Events: 126 First Closing Ceremony Seeing the three flags raised at the end of the Olympics is one of the more memorable traditions of the Olympic Games and it started in 1924. The three flags are the official flag of the Olympic Games, the flag of the hosting country, and the flag of the country chosen to host the next Games. Paavo Nurmi Paavo Nurmi, the Flying Finn, dominated nearly all the running races at the 1924 Olympics. Often, called a superman, Nurmi won five gold medals at this Olympics, including in the 1,500-meter (set an Olympic record) and the 5,000-meter (set an Olympic record), which were only about an hour apart on that very hot July 10. Nurmi also won gold in the 10,000-meter cross-country run and as a member of the winning Finnish teams on the 3,000-meter relay and the 10,000-meter relay. Nurmi, known for keeping a very even pace (which he clocked on a stopwatch) and his seriousness, went on to win nine gold medals and three silver while competing in the 1920, 1924, and 1928 Olympics. Over his lifetime, he set 25 world records.   Remaining a popular figure in Finland, Nurmi was given the honor of lighting the Olympic flame at the 1952 Olympics in Helsinki and, from 1986 to 2002, appeared on the Finnish 10 markkaa banknote. Tarzan, the Swimmer Its pretty obvious that the public liked to see American swimmer Johnny Weissmuller with his shirt off. At the 1924 Olympics, Weissmuller won three gold medals: in the 100-meter freestyle, 400-meter freestyle, and the 4 x 200-meter relay. And a bronze medal as well as part of the water polo team.   Again at the 1928 Olympics, Weissmuller won two gold medals in swimming. However, what Johnny Weissmuller is most famous for is playing Tarzan in 12 different movies, made from 1932 to 1948. Chariots of Fire In 1981, the film Chariots of Fire  was released. Having one of the most recognizable theme songs in the history of film and winning four Academy Awards,  Chariots of Fire  told the story of two runners who raced during the 1924 Olympic Games. Scottish runner Eric Liddell was a focus of the film. Liddell, a devout Christian caused a stir when he refused to compete in any events held on a Sunday, which were some of his best events. That left only two events for him the 200-meter and 400-meter races, which he won bronze and gold in respectively. Interestingly, after the Olympics, he went back to North China to continue his familys missionary work, which ultimately led to his death in 1945 in a Japanese internment camp. Liddells Jewish teammate, Harold Abrahams was the other runner in the  Chariots of Fire  film. Abrahams, who had focused more on the long jump in the 1920 Olympics, decided to put his energy into training for the 100-meter dash. After hiring a professional coach, Sam Mussabini, and training hard, Abrahams won gold in the 100-meter sprint. A year later, Abrahams suffered a leg injury, ending his athletic career. Tennis The 1924 Olympics were the last to see tennis as an event until it was brought back in 1988.

International Tourism Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

International Tourism - Assignment Example However, Pakistan, even though bestowed with vast areas of unexploited and unexplored, breathtakingly beautiful landmarks, to date has been unable to exploit the travel and tourism industry to its maximum or for that matter, even the minimum level. According to an article available at Eturbonews. "The tourism industry in southern Asia generally showed growth in 2007, except for Pakistan and Sri Lanka. Political instability and a lack of security in these two countries led to a drop in arrivals from abroad: -7% for Pakistan, and -12% for Sri Lanka" The same news states further, "In general, the tourism industry in the subcontinent showed growth of 12%. In 2006."The same article further refers to Pakistan's tourism industry in the following words, " in addition to Sri Lanka, is represented by Pakistan, where tourism demand fell by 7% in 2007". Experts say this is related to the country's serious political instability and frequent terrorist attacks." There are two types of tourists' visiting Pakistan, The foreign Tourists and the domestic tourists. The domestic tourists can further be classified into up-country tourist (moving from the south of the country to the north) and down country tourists (tourists moving from North to South). Since tourism industry is a business mode... Tourist Categories: There are two types of tourists' visiting Pakistan, The foreign Tourists and the domestic tourists. The domestic tourists can further be classified into up-country tourist (moving from the south of the country to the north) and down country tourists (tourists moving from North to South). The major chunk of revenue comes form the foreign tourists who have resources available to splurge in the local markets and outing areas. Factors Impacting Foreign Tourists: Since tourism industry is a business model, the various theories that are used for external analysis apply to the tourism industry. The PESTLE Analysis identifies the external factors that impact the tourism industry of Pakistan. Political, Image of Pakistan: The image of Pakistan post 9/11 has been such that it is known as one of the most terrorist afflicted areas. It is believed that it lacks modern ways to commute and transportation networks fail. The volatile political situation makes if a very difficult choice to travel too especially when travel advisories are being issued against traveling to this country every now and then. Moreover, the frequent bombings and suicide bombings enhance this image further. The recent instances of terrorist kidnappings all paint a very deadly picture. Economic: before 2001, the economy of Pakistan was in doldrums with GDP growth rates as low as 4%. This reflected in a low level of investment in tourism and developments of infrastructure. Due to the lack of development of tourist attractions, Pakistan's tourism industry had stagnated. After 2001, there was a boom with growth reached as high as 7%, however, the wealth did not have a trickle down

Manufacturing Strategy Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Manufacturing Strategy - Case Study Example The second strategy this company used in its manufacturing is a balanced approach in investment. Most of manufacturing companies in Far East did close their factories and shifted their product production in other countries. The companies that shifted their manufacturing production from one-way flow utilized a balanced approach of investing and reinvestment in other nations. Hammond and Ramman (2006) posit that the company allocated more new production territories in Hong Kong. It also allowed subcontractors to start new plants in Guangdong in China. That was based on the fact that the cost of labor in China was extremely low as compared to the cost in the Far East plant. The third strategy used by Sport Obermeyer was maintaining a careful financial discipline. This company embraced a shareholder value added system in order to determine the difference between the operating profit of the organization and the associated cost of production. The company approximates cost of production before going through a critical analysis to establish whether it could effectively compete. The company got more information on production by allowing more groups to generate forecast demand of retailers on its products. The company then used that group efforts to produce the New Year’s production line. Besides, the company used several home markets and export strategies. While some manufacturing companies typically locate manufacturing plants in a given place to satisfy customers’ demand, Sport Obermeyer Ltd embraced a double approach where it considered the demand in many markets even those found overseas. The management of the company implemented various product strategies. The first one was delivery of matching product collections to its esteemed retailers. That enabled the customers to concurrently view and buy those items simultaneously. Secondly, the management allowed

First And Second New Deals Analysis

First And Second New Deals Analysis This investigation assesses the successes and failures the New Deals. It will reveal how the First New Deal was more successful than the Second New Deal in relieving the Great Depression. In order to evaluate the successes and failures, the investigation evaluates the goals of the First New Deal and the Second New Deal. Furthermore it will show how it either harmed or saved the economy from the Great Depression. The two sources used for this investigation are History of the New Deal 1933-1938 written by Basil Rauch and The New Deal, What Was It? written by Morton Keller. These sources will be analyzed for their origins, purposes, values, and limitations. In contrary, this investigation does not assess the causes and effects of the Great Depression. Furthermore, it does not examine the initial reactions of the American people or outsiders toward the New Deal and the anger of the Great Depression. B. Summary of Evidence The New Deal created by Franklin Roosevelt tackled political, social, and economic issues. The program aimed for the conservation of human and natural resources, guided by the principle of the greatest good for the greatest number  [1]  . Some believed the New Deal was a program designed to prolong the capitalism. Meanwhile, other believe it was as the ambiguous label of Roosevelts safe multifarious program designed to make the United States safe for the Democratic Party.1 The New Deals involved series of programs aimed at ending the Great Depression during the 1930s. Thus Franklin Roosevelt was considered to saved America from the peril of the depression. The New Deal was divided into two part, the First New Deal (1933-1934) and the Second New Deal (1935-1938). The overall goals of both of the New Deals were to relieve, reform, and recover the United States from the Great Depression. The primary goal of the First New Deal was to help the United States from the Great Depression, while the Second New Deal was to reform the economy. The objective during the first period of the Great Depression was to increase higher prices for industry and agriculture, whereas the objective of the second period was to increase the purchasing power and provide sense of security.  [2]  The First New Deal chiefly benefited the big business and large farmers. Whereas, the Second New Deal benefited the labors and smaller farmers. The First New Deal aimed in restoring the economy from the top down, while the Second New Deal from the bottom up. The First New Deals objectives were to tackle unemployment and farm relief. If the farmers are unable to prosper, the industries will also not prosper because industries rely on farmers to buy their products. The National Recovery Administration (NRA) supervise employing citizens and increasing production. The government sought to stimulate the economy by paying the farmers to produce less. The Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) addressed farmers issue of overproduction because prices were too low. This program protected farmers from prices of surplus crops, inflation of currency and cheap credit. In January 1936, the Supreme Court ruled the AAA unconstitutional, stating the government had no constitutional authority to limit farmers production. It was soon replaced by the Soil Conservation and Domestic Allotment Act, which permitted the government to pay farmers to reduce production to save the ecosystem from erosion and conserve soil. Secondly, the Civilian Conservation Corps, Roose velts favorite program, provided 250,000 unemployed young men with a job working in the national forest.  [3]  When the NRA campaign to increase employment and production failed, they presented the Civil Works Administration provided employment to four million unemployed people to work on immediately on federal projects such as building roads and schools.  [4]  Almost a billion dollars was able to go into consumers hands. The National Industrial Recovery Act assure profit and wages for laborers. These changes were temporary because CWA ended on April 1, 1934. In contrary, the goal of the Second New Deal was social justice. Reform was declared to be inseparable from recovery.  [5]  The central objective was to provide security to the citizens who were unhappy with the stricken economy and overwhelm by the affects of the Great Depression. The federal government provided security and housing for the poor, elders, sick, and disabled. Old-aged was address by the Social Security Act of 1935. It was the first national old-aged program that provided a pension for retirees. Additionally, the federal government gave purchasing power to small business to increase profit. The government funds attempted to turn non-consumers into consumers again. The Works Progress Administration offered jobs to the unemployed. By providing jobs, workers are able to strengthen their familys well-being and boost consumer demands.  Although these programs were able to provide the population with a sense of security, it did not last because it was too weak and the some of programs addressed temporary issues. C. Evaluation of Sources The History of the New Deal 1933-1938, written by Basil Rauch in 1963, is an in depth analysis of the First and Second New Deal that investigates the successes and failures of the policies. It was written with the purpose of examining the evolution of the policies during Roosevelts economic from 1933 to 1938. The books value lies in the fact it discusses the launching of the First New Deal and the Second New Deal, the success and failures, and promises of the New Deal. Rauchs work is credible due to the authors position as a leading historian of the Roosevelts administration. However, the book is limited because hes admiration of Franklin Roosevelt. The New Deal, What Was It?, written by Morton Keller in 1963, is a collection of written sources from the period that provides evidence different perspective of the New Deals. This compendium proves to be a valuable source because it analyzes the various reasons why Roosevelt passed the First New Deal and Second New Deal. This collection of personal accounts is limited because each author has their own perspective and knowledge of the issues. Their political and ethnical stances are different from one another. The authors write those passages in order to persuade the audience of a certain situation. D. Analysis The New Deals were series of programs aimed at getting the United States out of the disastrous Great Depression. Proposed by FDR with the purpose of relieving, reforming, and recover the economy from the widespread poverty in the land of plenty, frustration and despair in the land of opportunity  [6]  . The series of laws, government actions, and social development created continuous governmental responsibility for the welfare of the economy. The New Deals introduced broad social welfare programs and generated major shifts in national political allegiances. The presidential leadership of Franklin Roosevelt must be evaluated before analyzing the success and failure of the New Deals. Afterward the goals of the New Deal and the notions of the New Deal was evaluated. Some perceive him as a major figure in the twentieth century, a man who saved American from the peril of depression and threat of fascism  [7]  . Consequently, FDRs leadership was the determining factor establishing the New Deal as a democratic alternative to Fascist or Communism. Historians such as Richard Hofstadter curtailed FDRs role as a successful leader of American  [8]  . The legislation of the New Deals was passed in a shorter time period than other important new legislation. The First New Deal attempted to restore Americas economic vitality and reform the stricken economic institutions. Rauch, author of History of the New Deal and leading historian of the New Deal, interprets the First New Deal as a desirable, democratic program of recovery, relief, and reform, made necessary by the accumulated evils of a business-dominated economy  [9]  , suggesting the success of the New Deal should be measure by social relief and reform rather than economic recovery  [10]  . Others like Edgar Robinson believed development of the New Deal was not a response to national conditions and popular demand but it was to the work of administration officials influenced by alien and socialistic ideas who without popular mandate sought to recast American society  [11]  . The topic of the New Deal is debatable because it either prolonged the Great Depression or stabilized the economy. Many historians suggested Roosevelt introduced too many programs draining the US economy of the little money it had to create as many jobs as possible. Hence, the new programs contributed to the increase in the national taxes. Federal taxes as a percentage of gross national product jumped from 3.5 percent in 1933 to 6.9 in 1940, and taxes skyrocketed during World War II  [12]  . From 1934 to 1940, the average annual rate of unemployment was 17.2; at no point did unemployment go below 14 percent  [13]  . But others suggested the programs were the best decision at the time. The First New Deal assisted in alleviating financial problems, provided jobs and improved standard of living with the creation of new roads, schools and railroads. Historians struggled to decide rather the New Deal was a good or a bad. Some believed FDR was both a radical and despot, while others believed he was a liberal. Leuchtenburg believed that most of the limitations of the New Deals were caused by restrictions imposed on Roosevelt by the ideological and political realities of his time. Ellis Hawley challenged liberal assumptions that the First New Deal was an enemy of private business interests. He argued the First New Deal was designed to enhance the position of private businesses. Ronald Radosh believed it was an effective agent for the consolidation of modern capitalism. According to Basil Rauch, the Second New Deal central objective was to provide security for the citizens of the USA. It establish security for unemployment, old-age insurance, benefits for destitute children, mothers, sick, and physically handicapped persons; stranded population rescued by better use of natural resources and intelligent distribution of means of livelihood  [14]  . Additionally, the Second New Deal did not concentrate on the recovery and rehabilitation of the economic structure but rather on social relief and reform. Raymond Mosley, an important adviser to FDR during the New Deals, reveals FDR increasing fondness for power and his pride as the source for the development of the New Deals. He conclude the New Deals had no consistency and unifying purposes; thus, the prime force directing the evolution of the New Deal was the growing demagoguery and desire for power of FDR and his advisers  [15]  . On the contrary, the editors the New Republic suggest the New Deals were too friendly with big business and it stressed the administrations increasingly sensitive response to the social misfortunes of Americans. Lastly, no event in the last four century of America beside the Civil War had stirred much controversy among historians as the New Deal. Historians still question what it actually was and mean. Some agree that Roosevelts New Deal was the only possibility of alleviating the Great Depression, but many still ultimately blame him for prolonging the Great Depression. E. Conclusion The purpose of the First and Second New Deals were to help alleviate the depression. The economy was still in shambles due o failure of construction to revive and high production prices. By launching the New Deals, FDR was able to demonstrates the power he and his cabinet obtain over the United States. The First New Deal assisted in alleviating the financial crisis by providing jobs, improved Americas standard of living with the development of new roads, schools, and railroads. Unfortunately, Roosevelt drained the USs economy of the little money it had in order to create as many jobs as possible. Franklin Roosevelt was the only reform president who attempted to restore the stricken economy. Hence the success of the First New Deal was attributed to the coincidence of good politics and the determinations of social conscience. The First New Deal was able to accomplish more goals than the Second New Deal because it provided jobs to the unemployed. The First New Deal was an immediate solu tion; it called fro a quick fix. The Second New Deal only provided a sense of security among the disgruntle citizens. Although the Second New Deal was less immediate, it was far reaching because some of the programs such as the Social Security Act is still being used today.

Archaisms and historisms Essay

Introduction We often hear about words being added to dictionaries as they become part of everyday vernacular, but have you ever heard about any words that get removed? Some people argue that if a word has existed at some point in time then it merits a place in the dictionary. After all, who knows when someone may come across it in an old text and need to look up the definition? Others say that dictionaries should reflect the language that we use here and now, and so those words which have become obsolete in everyday language should no longer have a place in the dictionary. Language and culture are constantly changing, so how do we keep up with these changes without losing our past? The article is intended to go back in time and to disclose archaisms in the English language. Different groups of archaisms, the difference between archaisms and historisms, periods of their development, stylistic features, semantic groups and other problems got their reflection in the article. Different viewpoints of scientists, the aim of using archaisms in belles-lettres and their classification are presented and illustrated by the examples in Russian and English. 1. How do words in everyday language become obsolete? The vocabulary of a language never remains stable. There are constant changes in the semantic structure of any language. Words appear, undergo a number of phonetic and semantic changes and finally pass completely out of use. The disappearance of various things, phenomena, etc. causes either com ­plete disappearance of their names or turns them into  «representatives » of a previous epoch. Many words become obsolete in ordinary language, but remain in poetry, in books conforming to a definite style, in oratory, etc. A great many archa ­isms survive in English dialects. Thus the fate of obsolete words may be different. We distinguish two groups of obsolete words: archaisms proper and historical terms (historisms). Before turning to them it is of primary importance to distinguish the terms †archaic† and †obsolete†. The terms â€Å"archaic† and â€Å"obsolete† are used more or less indiscriminately by some authors. The meaning of these temporal labels, however, can be somewhat different among dictionaries. The label archaic is  used for words that were once common but are now rare. Archaic implies having the character or characteristics of a much earlier time. Obsolete indicates that a term is no longer in active use, except, for example, in literary quotation. Obsolete may apply to a word regarded as no longer acceptable or useful even though it is still in existence. In the American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, (Boston: Houghton Mifflin [4th ed.], 2004) the archaic label is described this way: â€Å"This label is applied to words and senses that were once common but are now rare, though they may be familiar because of their occurrence in certain contexts, such as the literature of an earlier time. Specifically, this label is attached to entry words and senses for which there is only sporadic evidence in print after 1755.† The AHD describes the obsolete label thus: â€Å"The label obsolete is used with entry words and senses no longer in active use, except, for example, in literary quotations. Specifically, this label is attached to entry words and senses for which there is little or no printed evidence since 1755.† In Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary, 11th Edition (Springfield, MA: Merriam-Webster, 2003), the Explanatory Notes say, â€Å"The temporal label obs for obsolete means that there is no evidence of use since 1755. The label obs is a comment on the word being defined. When a thing, as distinguished from the word used to designate it, is obsolete, appropriate orientation is usually given in the definition. The temporal label archaic means that a word or sense once in common use is found today only sporadically or in special contexts.† Random House Dictionary defines an obsolete word as one â€Å"no longer in use, esp. out of use for at least a century†, whereas an archaism is referred to as â€Å"current in an earlier time but rare in present usage†. However, it should be pointed out that the borderline between â€Å"obsolete† and â€Å"archaic† is vague and uncertain, and in many cases it is difficult to decide to which of the groups this or that word belongs. 2. Archaisms proper: etymology, main features and usage. In language, an archaism (from the Ancient Greek: á ¼â‚¬Ã Ãâ€¡ÃŽ ±ÃÅ ÃŽ ºÃÅ'Ï‚, archaà ¯kà ³s, ‘old-fashioned, antiquated’, ultimately á ¼â‚¬Ã Ãâ€¡ÃŽ ±Ã¡ ¿â€"ÃŽ ¿Ãâ€š, archaà ®os, ‘from the beginning, ancient’) is the use of a form of speech or writing that is no  longer current. This can either be done deliberately (to achieve a specific effect) or as part of a specific jargon (for example in law) or formula (for example in religious contexts). Many nursery rhymes contain archaisms. Archaic elements that occur only in certain fixed expressions (for example ‘be that as it may’) are not considered to be archaisms. Archaisms proper are obsolete words denoting real things and phenom ­ena, but the words themselves are no longer found in ordinary English: they were substituted by others, obsolete words becoming their stylistic synonyms. These words are moribund, already partly or fully out of circulation, rejected by the living l anguage. There are three stages in the aging processes of words: they become rarely used; they are in the stage of gradually passing out from use; these are the morphological forms belonging to the earlier stage of the development of the language [thee, thou], corresponding verbal endings [thou makest], many French borrowings [palfreu] they have already gone completely out of use and are still recognized by the English-speaking people. [me thinks = it seems to me, nay = no]. archaic words proper is no longer recognizable in modern English; such words were in use during the Old English period, are earlier dropped out of the language or have changed in the appearance so much that they have become unrecognizable [losso =lazy fellow]. While some words become obsolete from everyday language, others still exist but their meaning has changed over time. Words like fun fur have remained in use as their meanings have been adapted to current circumstances. Fun fur used to refer to cheap animal fur that had been dyed in several colors until the 1960s. Today it refers to synthetic fur. 3. Types of archaisms: lexical and grammatical archaisms and their peculiarities Generally we distinguish lexical and grammatical archaisms.  Grammatical archa ­isms are forms of words which went out of use with the development of the grammar system of the English language: -th – suffix of the 3rd person sing., Present Indef. Tense, e.g. hath, doth, speaketh; -st – 2nd person – dost, hast, speakest; art – 2nd person of the verb  «to be » pl.; thou, thee, thy, thine – pronouns; ye – plural, 2nd person. Lexical archaisms. Poetry is especially rich in archaisms. Words that are too well known and too often used do not call up such vivid images as words less familiar. This is one of the reasons which impel poets to use archaic words. They are  «new » just on account of their being old, and yet they are not utterly unknown to be unintelligible. The following are some of the most common lexical archaisms used in poetry: billow – Ð ²Ã ¾Ã ¹Ã ½Ã °; save – Ð ºÃ'€Ð ¾Ã ¼Ã µ; plain – Ð ¶Ã °Ã »Ã ¾Ã ²Ã °Ã'‚Ã'Å'Ã' Ã' ; behold – Ð ²Ã ¸Ã ´Ã µÃ'‚Ã'Å'; yon (yonder) – Ã'‚Ð ¾Ã'‚; eke – Ã'‚Ð ¾Ã ¶Ã µ; brow – Ã'‡Ð µÃ »Ã ¾; foe – Ð ²Ã'€Ð °Ã ³; ere – Ð ´Ã ¾; steed – Ð ºÃ ¾Ã ½Ã'Å'; morn – Ã'Æ'Ã'‚Ã'€Ð ¾; belike – Ð ²Ã µÃ'€Ð ¾Ã' Ã'‚Ð ½Ã ¾; damsel – Ð ´Ã µÃ ²Ã'Æ'Ã'ˆÐ ºÃ °; woe – rope; oft, oft-times – Ã'‡Ð °Ã' Ã'‚Ð ¾; mere â⠂¬â€œ Ð ¾Ã ·Ã µÃ'€Ð ¾, Ð ¿Ã'€Ã'Æ'Ð ´; hearken – Ã' Ã »Ã'Æ'Ã'ˆÐ °Ã'‚Ã'Å'; albeit – Ã'…Ð ¾Ã'‚Ã' , etc. Their last refuge is in historical novels (whose authors used them to create a particular period atmosphere) and, of course, in poetry which is rather conservative in its choice of words. So their main function is to sustain a special evaluated atmosphere of poetry. They form an insignificant layer of special literary vocabulary. On the whole they are detached from the common literary vocabulary. Thus, the use of archaic words is a stylistic device. In historical novels they create an atmosphere of the past. In the depiction of events of the present they assume the function of a stylistic device proper. The stylistic functions of the archaic words are based on the temporary perception of the event. Even when used in a terminological aspect they create a special atmosphere in the utterance. They form a rather insignificant layer of the special literary vocabulary. 1. They are used by authors to produce an elevated (Ð ²Ã ¾Ã ·Ã ²Ã'‹Ã'ˆ) effect. 2. They have a tendency to detach themselves from the common literary word-stock and assume the quality of terms denoting certain notions and calling forth poetic diction. Closely associated with archaisms are poetical words. The use of poetic words doesn’t as a rule create the atmosphere of poetry, but it substitutes its expressiveness. The common way of creating such words is compounding  [young-eyed, rosy-fingered]. Poetic words and expressions are understandable to a limited number of readers. In modern poetry words are often used in strange combinations [the sound of shame]. Poetic words in an ordinary environment may also have a satirical function. They can also be found in other styles, e.g. in journalistic style: proceed (go), the welkin (the sky), the vale (the valley), the devouring element (the fire). Archaic words – yclept (to call, name), quoth (to speak), eftsoons (again soon after) are good examples. They evoke emotive meaning. They color the utterance with the certain air of loftiness (elevation). But generally fail to produce a general feeling of delight. They are taken hacked, too outdate. These words are often used by modern ballet mangers (Ã' Ã ¾Ã'‡Ð ¸Ã ½Ã ¸Ã'‚Ð µÃ »Ã ¸ Ð ±Ã °Ã »Ã »Ã °Ã ´). Some poetical words and set expressions make the utterance understandable only to a limited number of readers. This poetical language is often called poetical jargon. â€Å"Alas! They had been friends in youth; But whispering tongues can poison truth And constancy lives in realms above; And life is thorny; and youth is vain; And to be wroth with one we love, Doth work like madness in the brain†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Coleridge) Thou and thy, aye (â€Å"yes†) and nay (â€Å"no†) are certainly archaic and long since rejected by common usage, yet poets use them even today. (We also find the same four words and many other archaisms among dialectisms, which is quite natural, as dialects are also conservative and retain archaic words and structures). Numerous archaisms can be found in Shakespeare, but it should be taken into consideration that what appear to us today as archaisms in the works of Shakespeare, are in fact examples of everyday language of Shakespeare’s time. There are several such archaisms in Viola’s speech from Twelfth Night: â€Å"There is a fair behavior in thee, Captain, And though that nature with a beauteous wall Doth oft close in pollution, yet of thee I will believe thou hast a mind that suits With this thy fair and outward character. I prithee — and I’ll pay thee bounteously — Conceal me what I am, and be my aid For such disguise as haply shall become The form of my intent†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Act 1, Sc. 2) 32 Further examples of archaisms are: morn (for morning), eve (for evening), moon (for month), damsel (for girl), errant (for wandering, e.g. errant knights), etc. Sometimes, an archaic word may undergo a sudden revival. So, the formerly archaic kin (for relatives; one’s family) is now current in American usage. Archaisms are also most frequently encountered in poetry, law, science, technology, geography and ritual writing and speech. Their deliberate use can be subdivided into literary archaisms, which seeks to evoke the style of older speech and writing; and lexical archaisms, the use of words no longer in common use. Archaisms are kept alive by these ritual and literary uses and by the study of older literature. Should they remain recognized, they can be revived, as the word anent was in this past century. Because they are things of continual discovery and re-invention, scie nce and technology have historically generated forms of speech and writing which have dated and fallen into disuse relatively quickly. However the emotional associations of certain words (for example: ‘Wireless’ rather than ‘Radio’ for a generation of British citizens who lived through the second world war) have kept them alive even though the older word is clearly an archaism. A similar desire to evoke a former age means that archaic place names are frequently used in circumstances where doing so conveys a political or emotional subtext, or when the official new name is not recognized by all (for example: ‘Persia’ rather than ‘Iran’, ‘Bombay’ rather than ‘Mumbai’, ‘Madras’ rather than ‘Chennai’). So, a restaurant seeking to conjure up historic associations might prefer to call itself Old Bombay or refer to Persian cuisine in preference to using the newer place name. A notable contemporary example is the name of the airline Cathay Pacific, which uses the archaic Cathay (â€Å"China†). Archaisms are frequently misunderstood, leading to changes in usage. One example is found in the phrase â€Å"the odd man out†, which originally came from the phrase â€Å"to find the odd man out†, where the verb â€Å"to find out† has been split by its object â€Å"the odd man†, meaning the item which does not fit. The compound adverbs and prepositions found in the writing of lawyers (e.g. heretofore, hereunto, thereof) are examples of archaisms as a form of jargon. Some phraseologies, especially in religious contexts, retain archaic elements that are not used in ordinary speech in any other context: â€Å"With this ring I thee wed.† Archaisms are also used in the dialogue of historical novels in order to evoke the flavour of the period. Some may count as inherently funny words and are used for humorous effect. 4. Historims: main features and classification Historisms are names of things and phenomena which passed out of use with the development of social, economical, cultural life of society but which retain historical importance. Unlike archaisms, historical terms have no syno ­nyms in Modern English: they are only names of things and notions which refer to the past of the English people. The sphere of these words is restricted with scientific literature or with books and novels dealing with certain historical periods. There are lots of his ­torisms in the historical novels of W.Scott and other English authors, e.g.: Historisms are very numerous as names for social relations, institutions and objects of material culture of the past. The names of ancient transport means, ancient clothes, weapons, musical instruments can offer many examples. Before the appearance of motor-cars many different types of horse-drawn carriages were in use. The names of some of them are: brougham, berlin, calash, diligence, fly, gig, hansom, landeau, phae ton, etc. It is interesting to mention specially the romantically metaphoric prairie schooner ‘a canvas-covered wagon used by pioneers crossing the North American prairies’. There are still many sailing ships in use, and schooner in the meaning of ‘a sea-going vessel’ is not an historism, but a prairie schooner is. Many types of sailing craft belong to the past as caravels or galleons, so their names are historisms too. The history of costume forms an interesting topic by itself. It is reflected in the history of corresponding terms. The corresponding glossaries may be very  long. Only very few examples can be mentioned here. In W. Shakespeare’s plays, for instance, doublets are often mentioned. A doublet is a close-fitting jacket with or without sleeves worn by men in the 15th-17th centuries. It is interesting to note that descriptions of ancient garments given in dictionaries often include their social functions in this or that period. Thus, a tabard of the 15th century was a short surcoat open at the sides and with short sleeves, worn by a knight over his armour and emblazoned on the front, back and sides with his armorial bearin gs. Not all historisms refer to such distant periods. Thus, bloomers — an outfit designed for women in mid-nineteenth century. It consisted of Turkish-style trousers gathered at the ankles and worn by women as â€Å"a rational dress†. It was introduced by Mrs Bloomer, editor and social reformer, as a contribution to woman rights movement. Somewhat later bloomers were worn by girls and women for games and cycling, but then they became shorter and reached only to the knee. A great many historisms denoting various types of weapons occur in historical novels, e. g. a battering ram ‘an ancient machine for breaking walls’; a blunderbuss ‘an old type of gun with a wide muzzle’; breastplate ‘a piece of metal armour worn by knights over the chest to protect it in battle’; a crossbow ‘a medieval weapon consisting of a bow fixed across a wooden stock’. Many words belonging to this semantic field remain in the vocabulary in some figurative meaning, e. g. arrow, shield, sword, vizor, etc. Thus we can distinguish the following types of historisms: 1. words of social position: yeomen – Ð ¹Ã ¾Ã ¼Ã µÃ ½, knight – Ã'€Ã'‹Ã'†Ð °Ã'€Ã'Å', scribe – Ð ¿Ã ¸Ã' Ã µÃ'†; 2. names of arms and words connected with war: battle ax – Ð ±Ã ¾Ã µÃ ²Ã ¾Ã ¹ Ã'‚Ð ¾Ã‚ ­ Ð ¿Ã ¾Ã'€Ð ¸Ã º, musket – Ð ¼Ã'Æ'Ã'ˆÐ ºÃ µÃ'‚, visor – Ð ·Ã °Ã ±Ã'€Ð °Ã »Ã ¾, warrior – Ð ²Ã ¾Ã ¸Ã ½, sword – Ð ¼Ã µÃ'‡, gauntlet – Ã'€Ã'‹Ã'†Ð °Ã'€Ã' Ã ºÃ °Ã'  Ð ¿Ã µÃ'€Ã'‡Ð °Ã'‚Ð ºÃ ° = Ð »Ã °Ã'‚Ð ½Ã °Ã'  Ã'€Ã'Æ'Ð ºÃ °Ã ²Ã ¸Ã'†Ð °, archer – Ã' Ã'‚Ã'€Ð µÃ »Ã ¾Ã º Ð ¸Ã · Ð »Ã'Æ'Ð ºÃ °, spear – Ð ºÃ ¾Ã ¿Ã'Å'Ð µ; 3. types of vessels: galley – Ð ³Ã °Ã »Ã µÃ'€Ð °, frigate – Ã'„Ã'€Ð µÃ ³Ã °Ã'‚, caravel – Ð ºÃ °Ã'€Ð °Ã ²Ã µÃ »Ã »Ã °; 4. types of carts which went out of use: brougham – Ð ¾Ã ´Ã ½Ã ¾Ã ¼Ã µÃ' Ã'‚Ð ½Ã °Ã'  Ð ºÃ °Ã'€Ð µÃ'‚Ð °, chaise – Ã'„Ð °Ã' Ã'‚Ð ¾Ã ½, Ð »Ã µÃ ³Ã ºÃ °Ã'  Ð ¿Ã ¾Ã ²Ã ¾Ã ·Ã ºÃ ° Ã'  Ð ¾Ã'‚Ð ºÃ'€Ã'‹Ã'‚Ã'‹Ð ¼ Ð ²Ã µÃ'€Ã'…Ð ¾Ã ¼, hansom – Ð ´Ã ²Ã'Æ'Ã'…Ð ¼Ã µÃ' Ã'‚Ð ½Ã'‹Ð ¹ Ã' Ã ºÃ ¸Ã ¿Ã °Ã ¶, Ð ³Ã ´Ã µ Ã' Ã ¸Ã ´Ã µÃ ½Ã ¸Ã µ Ð ºÃ'Æ'Ã'‡Ð µÃ'€Ð ° Ã'€Ð °Ã' Ã ¿Ã ¾Ã »Ã ¾Ã ¶Ã µÃ ½Ã ¾ Ð ¿Ã ¾Ã ·Ã °Ã ´Ã ¸ Ð ¸ Ð ½Ã µÃ' Ã ºÃ ¾Ã »Ã'Å' ­ Ð ºÃ ¾ Ð ²Ã'‹Ã'ˆÐ µ Ð ¼Ã µÃ' Ã'‚ Ð ´Ã »Ã'  Ã' Ã µÃ ´Ã ¾Ã ºÃ ¾Ã ², coach – Ð ºÃ °Ã'€Ð µÃ'‚Ð ° (Ð ¿Ã ¾Ã'‡Ã'‚Ð ¾Ã ²Ã °Ã' ); 5. names of old musical instruments: lute – Ð »Ã'ŽÃ'‚Ð ½Ã' , lyre – Ð »Ã ¸Ã'€Ð °. So the number of  historisms which reflect the social life and culture of the past is very great. Conclusion Though many of the words discussed above are rather old-fashioned, outdate and are rarely used in modern society, they still have a unique place in the depositary of English word-stock. Thus they can be found in bigger dictionaries as they might be relevant to specific fields. Words and their meanings are always bound to specific contexts and times in which their meaning makes sense. Anyone learning a language needs to be aware of how words are used today and historically in order to correctly interpret and understand their meaning. So one should always keep up with the constant changes in language to make sure that their skills are the most appropriate for today’s modern world. Methodical literature 1. Ð Ã'‚Ã'€Ã'Æ'Ã'ˆÐ ¸Ã ½Ã ° Г. Б., Ð Ã'„Ð °Ã ½Ã °Ã' Ã'Å'Ð µÃ ²Ã ° О. Ð’., ÐÅ"Ð ¾Ã'€Ð ¾Ã ·Ã ¾Ã ²Ã ° Ð . Ð . ЛÐ µÃ ºÃ' Ã ¸Ã ºÃ ¾Ã »Ã ¾Ã ³Ã ¸Ã'  Ð °Ã ½Ã ³Ã »Ã ¸Ã ¹Ã' Ã ºÃ ¾Ã ³Ã ¾ Ã' Ã ·Ã'‹Ð ºÃ °: Ð £Ã'‡Ð µÃ ±. Ð ¿Ã ¾Ã' Ã ¾Ã ±Ã ¸Ã µ Ð ´Ã »Ã'  Ã' Ã'‚Ã'Æ'Ð ´Ã µÃ ½Ã'‚Ð ¾Ã ². ДÃ'€Ð ¾Ã'„Ð °, 1999 2. ГÐ ¸Ã ½Ã ·Ã ±Ã'Æ'Ã'€Ð ³, Ð ¡. Ð ¡. Ð ¥Ã ¸Ã ´Ã µÃ ºÃ µÃ »Ã'Å', Г. Ð ®. КÐ ½Ã' Ã ·Ã µÃ ²Ã ° Ð ¸ Ð . Ð . Ð ¡Ã °Ã ½Ã ºÃ ¸Ã ½. ЛÐ µÃ ºÃ' Ã ¸Ã ºÃ ¾Ã »Ã ¾Ã ³Ã ¸Ã'  Ð °Ã ½Ã ³Ã »Ã ¸Ã ¹Ã' Ã ºÃ ¾Ã ³Ã ¾ Ã' Ã ·Ã'‹Ð ºÃ °: Ð £Ã'‡Ð µÃ ±Ã ½Ã ¸Ã º Ð ´Ã »Ã'  Ð ¸Ã ½-Ã'‚Ð ¾Ã ² Ð ¸ Ã'„Ð °Ã º. Ð ¸Ã ½Ã ¾Ã' Ã'‚Ã'€. Ã' Ã ·. Ð’Ã'‹Ã' Ã'ˆ. Ã'ˆÐ ºÃ ¾Ã »Ã °, 1979. 3. Ð Ã'€Ð ½Ã ¾Ã »Ã'Å'Ð ´ И. Ð’. ЛÐ µÃ ºÃ' Ã ¸Ã ºÃ ¾Ã »Ã ¾Ã ³Ã ¸Ã'  Ã' Ã ¾Ã ²Ã'€Ð µÃ ¼Ã µÃ ½Ã ½Ã ¾Ã ³Ã ¾ Ð °Ã ½Ã ³Ã »Ã ¸Ã ¹Ã' Ã ºÃ ¾Ã ³Ã ¾ Ã' Ã ·Ã'‹Ð ºÃ °: Ð £Ã'‡Ð µÃ ±. Ð ´Ã »Ã'  Ð ¸Ã ½-Ã'‚Ð ¾Ã ² Ð ¸ Ã'„Ð °Ã º. Ð ¸Ã ½Ã ¾Ã' Ã'‚Ã'€. Ã' Ã ·. ÐÅ".: Ð’Ã'‹Ã' Ã'ˆ. Ã'ˆÐ º., 1986. — 295 Ã' ., Ð ¸Ã ». — Ð Ã ° Ð °Ã ½Ã ³Ã ». Ã' Ã ·. Internet sources http://ru.scribd.com/doc/33264944/English-Lexicology http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archaism http://dictionary.reference.com/help/faq/language/d25.html http://window.edu.ru/library/pdf2txt/731/67731/41095/page6 http://matadornetwork.com/abroad/20-obsolete-english-words-that-should-make-a-comeback/2/

Impact of Employee Motivation on Performance - 4055 Words

International Journal of Business Trends and Technology- volume2Issue4- 2012 Impact of Employee Motivation on Performance (Productivity) In Private Organization 1Nupur Chaudhary, 2Dr. Bharti Sharma, 1Research Scholar, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jaipur, 2Associate Professor, St. Wilfred. College, Jaipur, Abstract - Doing Business all over the world is very challenging. Corporate performance and revenue growth are challenge by Internal and external operating environment factors. To survive in profitable way in the highly challenging and competitive global market economy, all the factor of Employee Retention Production - machine, materials men, – should be managed in a impressive way Among the factors of production the human†¦show more content†¦Note: motivation is an emotional fact which means needs and wants of the have to be tackled by framing an incentive plan. b. Employee satisfaction: Whether employees are happy and satisfied and pleasing their desires needs at work. Many measures claim that employee satisfaction is a factor in employee motivation, employee goal. ISSN: 2249-0183 http://www.internationaljournalssrg.org Page 29 International Journal of Business Trends and Technology- volume2Issue4- 2012 Achievement and positive employee confidence in the workplace. Employee satisfaction, while normally a positive in your organization, can also be a disappointment if ordinary employees continue because they are satisfied with your work environment. c. Employee Performance: The activity of performance ; of doing something fruitfully; by knowledge as famous from simply possessing it; A performance Comprises an event in which normally one group of people the performer or Performers act in a particular way for another group of people d. Productivity: Productivity is that which people can produce with the smallest amount effort Productivity is a ratio to calculate how well an organization or individual, industry, country converts input belongings, labor, materials, machines etc. into goods and services e. Working Environment: Stresses, influences, and competitive, situation, civilizing,Show MoreRelatedImpact of Motivation on Employee Job Performance11448 Words   |  46 Pagesabout his or her underlying motivation. Motivation is a decision-making process, through which the individual chooses the desired outcomes and sets in motion the behavior appropriate to them. Motivation is defined as an urge in an individual to perform goal directed behavior. Therefore, motivation cannot be inflicted from outside but it is an intrinsic desire in a man to achieve the target goal through performance or activity. 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Example Chi-Square Test for a Multinomial Experiment

One use of a chi-square distribution is with hypothesis tests for multinomial experiments. To see how this hypothesis test works, we will investigate the following two examples.   Both examples work through the same set of steps: Form the null and alternative hypothesesCalculate the test statisticFind the critical valueMake a decision on whether to reject or fail to reject our null hypothesis.   Example 1: A Fair Coin For our first example, we want to look at a coin.   A fair coin has an equal probability of 1/2 of coming up heads or tails. We toss a coin 1000 times and record the results of a total of 580 heads and 420 tails. We want to test the hypothesis at a 95% level of confidence that the coin we flipped is fair. More formally, the null hypothesis H0 is that the coin is fair. Since we are comparing observed frequencies of results from a coin toss to the expected frequencies from an idealized fair coin, a chi-square test should be used. Compute the Chi-Square Statistic We begin by computing the chi-square statistic for this scenario. There are two events, heads and tails. Heads has an observed frequency of f1 580 with expected frequency of e1 50% x 1000 500. Tails have an observed frequency of f2 420 with an expected frequency of e1 500. We now use the formula for the chi-square statistic and see that χ2 (f1 - e1 )2/e1 (f2 - e2 )2/e2 802/500 (-80)2/500 25.6. Find the Critical Value Next, we need to find the critical value for the proper chi-square distribution. Since there are two outcomes for the coin there are two categories to consider. The number of degrees of freedom is one less than the number of categories: 2 - 1 1. We use the chi-square distribution for this number of degrees of freedom and see that χ20.953.841. Reject or Fail to Reject? Finally, we compare the calculated chi-square statistic with the critical value from the table. Since 25.6 3.841, we reject the null hypothesis that this is a fair coin. Example 2: A Fair Die A fair die has an equal probability of 1/6 of rolling a one, two, three, four, five or six. We roll a die 600 times and note that we roll a one 106 times, a two 90 times, a three 98 times, a four 102 times, a five 100 times and a six 104 times. We want to test the hypothesis at a 95% level of confidence that we have a fair die. Compute the Chi-Square Statistic There are six events, each with expected frequency of 1/6 x 600 100. The observed frequencies are f1 106, f2 90, f3 98, f4 102, f5 100, f6 104, We now use the formula for the chi-square statistic and see that χ2 (f1 - e1 )2/e1 (f2 - e2 )2/e2 (f3 - e3 )2/e3(f4 - e4 )2/e4(f5 - e5 )2/e5(f6 - e6 )2/e6 1.6. Find the Critical Value Next, we need to find the critical value for the proper chi-square distribution. Since there are six categories of outcomes for the die, the number of degrees of freedom is one less than this: 6 - 1 5. We use the chi-square distribution for five degrees of freedom and see that χ20.9511.071. Reject or Fail to Reject? Finally, we compare the calculated chi-square statistic with the critical value from the table. Since the calculated chi-square statistic is 1.6 is less than our critical value of 11.071, we fail to reject the null hypothesis.